lead acid battery types
Lead acid batteries represent one of the most established and widely used energy storage technologies, offering reliable power solutions across various applications. These batteries consist of lead and lead dioxide electrodes immersed in sulfuric acid electrolyte, available in several types including flooded (wet cell), sealed (maintenance-free), gel, and Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) variants. Flooded batteries, the traditional type, require regular maintenance and water replenishment. Sealed batteries eliminate maintenance needs through a design that recombines gases internally. Gel batteries use a thickened electrolyte, providing excellent deep discharge recovery and vibration resistance. AGM batteries feature a specialized glass mat separator that absorbs and immobilizes the electrolyte, offering superior performance in high-rate discharge applications. These batteries typically deliver voltages in 2-volt cells, commonly configured in 6V or 12V units for practical applications. They excel in applications requiring high current output, deep cycle capability, or standby power, serving crucial roles in automotive starting, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), renewable energy storage, and industrial equipment.